Vehicle seat with seating components adjustable within a spatial constraint

ABSTRACT

Vehicle seat with seating components such as a seat piece ( 20 ), a backrest ( 22 ) and a leg-rest ( 24 ), which are adjustable as to the position thereof, in particular in the relative inclination thereof, by means of at least one operating device ( 26, 44 ) and with a monitoring device for monitoring all the boundary geometries ( 50, 52 ) of the moving seat components which may cause collisions and which have given spatial constraints ( 54 ). The monitoring device controls the operating devices ( 26, 44 ) at all points to guarantee a collision-free movement of all seat components within the spatial constraints. The vehicle seat considered as a total system thus can undergo adjustment processes without a damaging collision occurring.

[0001] The invention relates to a seat, especially a vehicle seat, preferably an aircraft passenger seat, with seat components, like a seat part, a backrest and a leg rest which can be adjusted by way of at least one actuating means in their position, in particular in their tilt to one another, and with a monitoring means for monitoring at least one collision-establishing edge geometry of a movable seat component with an assigned three-dimensional boundary, the monitoring means at any instant ensuring collision-free motion of this seat component within this three-dimensional boundary, the three-dimensional boundaries being described at least partially by boundary curves which divide from one another the spaces in which one seat respectively is independently located.

[0002] DE 199 44 620 which was published subsequently discloses an aircraft passenger seat which consists of individual seat components, including a leg rest and a backrest. These seat components can be moved by actuating means in the form of so-called servo-drives or actuators which can be triggered by a hand-operated actuating means for adjusting the seat to the requirements of the respective seat occupant. For the seat parts there are hand levers which are modeled to the contours of these seat parts as part of the actuating means and which, combined into a control for adjusting the aircraft passenger seat, yield meaningful adjustment for the respective seat component. To prevent the seat occupant from striking fixed barriers when adjusting the seat components to his requirements, for example against the rear area of the backrest of a seat following ahead in the lengthwise direction of the seat, for the servo-drives there are stops against which the respective seat components run, and the pertinent respective stop barrier cannot be passed even as the pertinent control button continues to be actuated. Another possibility is to turn off the drive by cam-operated limit switches. The pertinent limiting barriers are not always approached without jerking in the known seat designs; this adversely affects sitting comfort. The respective seat component is also protected by way of stops in the maximum deflection positions such that obvious harmonic motion of all seat components, for example, to “convert” the passenger seat from an upright position into the continuous fully reclined position is not at all possible without obstruction.

[0003] To eliminate the above described defect, in EP-B-0774913 in a generic motor vehicle or aircraft passenger seat it has been proposed that an electric control be provided which in its operation acts on the leg rest to monitor the position of the leg resting position so that collision of the footrest as an integral component of the leg rest on the floor is prevented. To accomplish pertinent collision protection, the electronic control by way of corresponding sensors monitors both the actual position of the footrest and also the actual position of the leg rest. In doing so a signal is output to the control which corresponds to the foot resting position and the current leg resting position. Furthermore the electronic control is used to ascertain whether the footrest for at least one movement of the leg rest out of the leg resting position and when the footrest moves out of the foot resting position will collide with the floor and to move the footrest out of the current position into a fixed, secure position if there is the danger that the footrest will touch the floor.

[0004] In the pertinent configuration only one seat component in the form of a leg rest is monitored accordingly and triggered to prevent collision with the floor area. But other seat components, such as the seat part and/or the backrest, are not included, so that relative to these seat components a collision with stationary or other three-dimensional barriers cannot be precluded. Even if the control and monitoring means for the leg rest were to be transferred to the seat part and/or the backrest, possible collisions would only be prevented for the respective seat component, but not for the seat as a whole, since the indicated monitoring systems do not interact with one another. Optionally therefore in the known approach, before the leg rest strikes the aircraft deck, a possible collision is detected and the entire seat kinematics is stopped and “frozen” in this position; this makes unobstructed motion of the entire seat impossible and accordingly adversely affects the sitting comfort. Joint motion of all seat components in the known approach is only possible to the extent that by actuating a single actuating button (magic button) all seat components can be moved from the fully reclined position into the upright position and vice versa.

[0005] DE-C-195 22 897 furthermore discloses an adjustable seat, especially in a motor vehicle, with several adjustment means, of which each is used for seat adjustment overall or for adjustment of one of the seat components in the pertinent adjustment direction, and the first adjustment direction can be actuated by hand or by way of a servo-drive and one or more other adjustment directions can be actuated by way of the respective servo-drives. Furthermore, there is a sensor for detecting the set positions of the first adjustment means and in a storage for each of the other adjustments means a characteristic is stored which fixes its theoretical set position depending on the set position of the first adjustment means according to ergonomic aspects. To carry out a seat adjustment process first the set position desired for the first adjustment means is adjusted and is then recognized by the control device by way of the sensor, after which the control device on request by actuating an assigned presetting control element retrieves from the memory the pertinent theoretical set position for each of the other adjustment means and controls each of the other adjustment means by the corresponding triggering of the servo-drives into their theoretical set positions. In the known approach therefore adjustment takes place in two steps (preadjustment and main adjustment), in the preadjustment of one seat component, for example the set part is preadjusted in its lengthwise setting and proceeding from this preadjustment then the other seat components trail, as for example the backrest or headrest, in their adjustment such that for an average seat occupant automatically increased comfort positions are reached depending on the lengthwise adjustment of the seat part. Based on the division into preadjustment and main adjustment there is no continuous adjustment of all seat components to one another in a common manner and collision protection, for example relative to the legs of individuals sitting in the back in the vehicle, is not attained.

[0006] On the basis of this state of the art the invention has the object of improving known seats such that the respective seat as a complete system remains excluded from damaging collisions. In addition the seat is to also meet increased ergonomic requirements, be economical to produce, and require little weight. This object is achieved by a seat with the features of claim 1 in its totality.

[0007] The approach as claimed in the invention makes it possible to understand the seat, especially a vehicle seat or an aircraft passenger seat as an overall system and to ensure effective collision protection for it overall, therefore with all seat components. The monitoring means therefore monitors the respectively collision-establishing edge geometries of all movable seat components and balances these edge geometries with assigned three-dimensional boundaries such that at any instant collision-free motion of all seat components within the three-dimensional boundaries is ensured.

[0008] By monitoring the complete overall seat, movement of all seat components is carried out such that they all remain in a type of envelope curve or envelope for the seat, the envelope curve or envelope being chosen to be three-dimensional such that collisions with fixed three-dimensional boundaries cannot occur, and these three-dimensional boundaries themselves in turn could also be movable, for example, formed from the movement spaces of other seats which are located adjacent. If therefore the leg rest is swivelled, for example, in an obvious manner the backrest can track the motion in order to assume the resting or fully reclined position desired by the seat occupant, then the motion of the indicated seat components taking place synchronously within the envelope curve and at no time a collision due to this common triggering being possible. The seat support or seat part can also be obviously included in this joint motion of the leg rest and backrest. Regardless of this, it is possible, if one seat component travels into the area of a possible collision with other three-dimensional boundaries, to freeze it in its respective location and to leave the other seat components in their free movement capacity in order in this way for the seat occupant to form any number of seat adjustment possibilities within a framework of configurations as wide as possible.

[0009] The respective seat parts are coupled to one another in their sequence of motion and move according to a sequence which is selected with regard to ergonomic aspects. In each movement position of the individual seat components to one another, it is therefore taken into account that they cannot assume a position to one another which is considered uncomfortable for an average seat occupant, for example because the assumed foot position does not ergonomically correspond to the set incline of the backrest and/or of the seat parts. The monitoring means therefore triggers all seat components such that on the one hand for all seat components an obvious motion sequence situation for the seat occupant is achieved and still at the same time collision protection for all components is ensured. Consequently, synchronous triggering and a uniform sequence of motions for all components are possible; this also ensures a distinct enhancement of sitting comfort on long-distance flights or the like. But preferably the monitoring means is provided with a plausibility check in order to prevent the seat from reaching a position which could be dangerous for the seat occupant and could become unacceptable in some other way.

[0010] When the respective envelope curve is determined for the seat or its seat components, advantageously the seat contour of the seat occupant is included at the same time in order to prevent the seat itself from satisfying collision avoidance requirements; the seat occupant himself however can make unpleasant contact with the stationary or movable parts of other seats. By incorporating the seat contour into the envelope curve construction any danger of injury is consequently reliably countered. By virtue of a central drive with which all seat components can be triggered, the known seat has a light structure and can be economically built.

[0011] Other advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0012] The seat as claimed in the invention can be used for a plurality of applications, for example also in the medical or therapeutic area, including in the form of various treatment chairs, also for cosmetic use. But preferably the seat is designed as a high-quality vehicle seat and can be used in coaches, ferries and the like. But use as a aircraft passenger seat is especially preferred, so that the seat approach as claimed in the invention is detailed using the drawings which relate to an aircraft passenger seat.

[0013] The figures are in diagrammatic form and not drawn to scale.

[0014]FIGS. 1 and 2 show in a respective oblique view an aircraft passenger seat in the fully upright position and in the fully reclined configuration;

[0015]FIG. 3 shows in the manner of a mathematical articulation model a side view of the aircraft passenger seat with boundary lines.

[0016]FIG. 1 shows an aircraft passenger seat in the upright position. These aircraft passenger seats with the corresponding level of outfitting are often found in the 1st class compartment of airliners. The illustrated aircraft passenger seat as shown in FIG. 1 is preferably a component of a compartment; but they can fundamentally also be used in an arrangement next to one another repeatedly in a row in business class for a conventional multiseat arrangement. The aircraft passenger seat is composed of individual seat components, such as a seat part 20, a backrest 22 and a leg rest 24. For greater clarity, in addition the cushion support for the indicated seat components is shown only partially, so that the underlying aircraft passenger seat parts are at least partially visible. The backrest 22 is positioned to be able to swivel around an articulation point 28 by way of a first actuation means 26 which is partially shown in its incline relative to the seat part 20 which runs essentially horizontally in the initial position. Of the actual backrest mechanism, moreover the front lengthwise member 30 is shown which on its lower end leads into a fork end piece 32, one fork end interacting with the actuation means 26 and the other fork end engaging the articulation point 28.

[0017] The seat part 20 which in turn on its front free end has a support surface for the thigh of the seat occupant who is not shown can in turn be mounted by way of four stationary legs 34 on the cabin floor 36 of a passenger aircraft, a coach or the like, using a pair of floor rails 38. Consequently, along the lengthwise direction of the aircraft passenger seat two pairs of stationary legs 34 are joined by their lower end to a pair of floor rails 38. On the front and back end of the two floor rails 38 they are each stiffened accordingly with a transverse pipe 40. The two pairs of stationary legs 34 pass upwardly into the seat frame 42 which bears the cushion parts of the seat part 20. By way of another second actuating means 44, the rear seat edge of the seat part 20 can furthermore be lowered in order to enable an intermediate rest position for the seat occupant which is not detailed. The third actuation means 46 shown in FIG. 2 allows swivelling and moreover tilt adjustment for the leg rest 24. The pertinent triggering of different seat components by means of different actuating means is conventional, so that it will not be addressed here. Furthermore, a lightweight construction is considered for the entire seat in order to be able to raise the payload accordingly.

[0018] The indicated leg rest 24 on its lower end as shown in FIG. 2 has a leg rest extension 48 which as required is held by the actuating means to be able to telescope out of the base structure of the leg rest 24. Furthermore the backrest 22 on its top can be provided with a headrest which is not shown, which likewise has a vertical adjustment possibility and is otherwise an integral component of the backrest 22 itself, so that in the following examination in any case the top edge of the backrest also includes a possible headrest along its top.

[0019] Furthermore the aircraft passenger seat is equipped with a monitoring means, for example in the form of a control unit, a computer unit including a process minicomputer or the like. The monitoring means (not shown) is used to monitor the respective collision-establishing edge geometries of the movable seat component with assigned three-dimensional boundaries, the monitoring means ensuring collision-free motion of all seat components within the indicated three-dimensional boundaries at any instant by triggering the respective actuating means 26, 44 and 46. The collision-establishing edge geometries in this case are the top edge 50 of the backrest 22 and the bottom 52 of the leg rest 24, optionally with the inclusion of the leg rest extension 48 (cf. FIG. 2). Since each seat component 20, 22, 24, and 48 has its own actuating means 26, 44 and 46, it is provided that the monitoring means detects the positions of each individual actuating means 26, 44 and 46 in order to thus obtain mathematical feedback about the position of the seat components. Consequently, it is possible to acquire information also about the tilt adjustment angle relative to a reference plane for the seat components by way of the setting paths of the respective actuating means 26, 44 and 46 with abandonment of possible motion sensors, cam-operated limit switches or the like.

[0020] It has proven especially advantageous to make the individual actuating means 26, 44 and 46 in the form of so-called electromechanical actuators in order to obtain a path report about the adjustment path by way of the adjustment path of the respective actuating rod. In addition to electromechanical actuators however spindle drives and/or hydraulic and pneumatic rod drives or working cylinders can be used. When determining the collision-establishing edge geometries preferably the body contour of the seat occupant which forms a maximum can also be included in the considerations.

[0021] The three-dimensional boundaries in turn are described by boundary curves 54 which divide from one another the spaces 56 in which one seat respectively is independently located on the cabin floor 36. The monitoring means then combines all possible movements of the collision-establishing edge geometries 50, 52 in the manner of a common envelope curve with edges which are defined at least in part by the boundary curves 54 of the three-dimensional boundary for the seat to prevent collisions. As FIGS. 1 and 2 show, the two boundary curves 54 form the space dividers of a so-called compartment in which the seat occupants move freely and can for example have access to washing facilities or the like. The indicated boundary curves 54 moreover ensure the private sphere for the seat occupant during his flight. The boundary curves 54 can however in turn also form a three-dimensional boundary for the path of travel of another seat (not shown) which is present in a row in front of or behind the indicated seat and which has the corresponding adjustment geometries for its seat components. In this respect the boundary areas 54 should then be considered to ensure collisions with the preceding and following respective seats.

[0022] As shown furthermore in FIG. 2, between the indicated boundary curves 54 the seat can be moved out of its completely upright position as shown in FIG. 1 into the fully reclined position (bed position), in which the seat part 20, the backrest 22, the leg rest 24 and optionally the extended leg rest extension 48 establish a plane which is continuously tilted for a resting or sleeping position to be established. To establish the rest position by way of corresponding actuators the pairs of stationary legs 34 are tilted far forward around their lower pivots on the two centers of gravity present on the floor rails 38 which run in the lengthwise direction so that the forward edge of the seat part 20 is tilted down and the rear transition edge to the backrest 22 is raised. The floor rails 38 on which the seat can be mounted are in contact with the rear boundary curve 54 of the illustrated three-dimensional boundary with their respective one free end by way of the rear transverse pipe 40.

[0023] By monitoring the complete overall seat, the motion of all seat components is therefore carried out such that they all remain in a type of envelope curve or envelope for the seat, the envelope curve or the envelope being three-dimensionally selected such that collisions with the fixed three-dimensional boundaries in the form of the boundary curves 54 cannot occur.

[0024]FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of one type of a basic model which defines the actual seat by way of the corresponding articulation points 1 to 9. The articulation points 1, 2, 4, and 5 tension the frame for the seat frame 42 with the pairs of stationary legs 34. Reference point 1 which is the lower one viewed in the direction of looking at FIG. 3 is raised somewhat by a distance along the Z-axis; this corresponds to the height of the respective floor rail 38 relative to the cabin floor 36 which defines the zero line or the zero point which is designated 13. Viewed from the reference zero point designated 13 in the direction of looking at FIG. 3 to the left in the horizontal plane the computation is carried out with positive X values and in the direction of the upper reference point 14 with positive Z coordinates. The end points which are designated 3 and 7 in FIG. 3 in the mathematical model border the backrest 22, and the reference point can be equated to the top edge 50 of the backrest.

[0025] The reference point 3 in turn relates to the articulation point 28 for the backrest 22. The seat part 20 extends between the upper points 2 and 4 of the seat frame in the mathematical model as shown in FIG. 3. Between points 6 and 8 the leg rest 24 extends and is hinged by way of the upper point 6 to the seat part 20. At point 8 furthermore the leg rest extension 48 extends down and the reference point 9 indicates by way of a model the top of the foot of the seat occupant who is not detailed, in order in this way to at least partially include the profile frame of the seat occupant in the mathematical model of motion. The lower reference line shown in FIG. 3, as already described, reproduces the cabin floor 36 as the lower boundary and the vertically extending line 13, 14 represents a simplified mathematical reproduction of the boundary curve 54 which is shown right at the back in the direction of looking at FIGS. 1 and 2. The boundary curve 54 which is the front one viewed in the direction of the looking at FIGS. 1 and 2 is reflected in the mathematical model in the form of the boundary surface 58 which extends between the reference points 10 and 11 in FIG. 3.

[0026] The formula summaries shown below are based on the basic mathematical model representation as shown in FIG. 3 and the selected definitions and mathematical formulations follow from the selected programming language Excel. Backrest up X-Position B3 Variable Seat down   Positioner pos. in mm B4 13.9−((0.11*B3{circumflex over ( )}2−0.7*B3)/(0.207*B3+1)) B10 Variable Seat up Positioner position (length) Definitions!F3 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F4 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F5 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F12 Constant Front Leg Geometry B11 (B10{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!F3{circumflex over ( )}2− 2*B10*Defintions!F3*COS(ARCCOS((Definitions!F4{circumflex over ( )}2+B10{circumflex over ( )}2Definitions!F5{circumflex over ( )}2)/ 2/Definitions!F4/B10)+Definitions!F12*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 Definitions!B3 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B4 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B5 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B7 Constant Seat structure geometry B13 (Definitions!B5{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2 2*Definitions!B5*Definitions!B3*COS((B4+Definitions!B13)*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B14 ARCCOS(((B13{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2−Definitions!B5{circumflex over ( )})/2/Definitions!B3/13))*180/P( ) B15 ARCCOS(((B13{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B7{circumflex over ( )}2-B11{circumflex over ( )}2)B13/2/Definitions!B7)*180/P( ) B20 Definitions!B4{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− 2*Definitions!B4*Definitions!B3*COS((B14+B15+Definitions!B14)*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0,5 B21 B4−ARCCOS((B20{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− Definitions!B4{circumflex over ( )}2)/2/B20/Definitions!B3)*180/PI( ) B22 SIN(B21*P( )/180)*B20 B25 Constant Backrest length B26 Variable Headrest position B27 Constant Backrest upright angle B29 Variable Backrest angle (Operation of the positioner) Backrest up Z-Position B3 Variable Seat down   Positioner pos. in mm B4 13.9−((0.11*B3{circumflex over ( )}2−0.7*B3)/(0.207*B3+1)) B10 Variable Seat up Positioner position (length) Definitions!F3 Constant Front Leg Geometiy Definitions!F4 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F5 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F12 Constant Front Leg Geometry B11 (B10{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!F3{circumflex over ( )}2− 2*B10*Definitions!F3*COS(ARCCOS((Definitions!F4{circumflex over ( )}2+B10{circumflex over ( )}2 Definitions!F5{circumflex over ( )}2)/2/Definitions!F4/B10)+Definitions!F12*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 Definitions!B3 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B4 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B5 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B7 Constant Seat structure geometry B13 (Definitions!B5{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− 2*Definitions!B5*Definitions!B3*COS((B4+Definitions!B13)*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B14 ARCCOS(((B13{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2−Definitions!B5{circumflex over ( )}2)/2/Definitions!B3/B13))*180/PI( ) B15 ARCCOS(((B13{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B7{circumflex over ( )}2−B11{circumflex over ( )}2)/B13/2/Definitions!B7)*180/P( ) B20 (Definitions!B4{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− 2*Definitions!B4*Definitions!B3*COS((B14+B15+Definitions!B14)*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B21 B4−ARCCOS((B20{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− Definitions!B4{circumflex over ( )}2)/2/B20/Definitions!B3)*180/PI( ) B23 COS(B21*PI( )/180)*B20 B25 Constant   Backrest length B26 Variable    Headrest position B27 Constant   Backrest upright angle B29 Variable    Backrest angle (Operation of the positioner) Z-Coordinate Backrest +B23+COS((B29+B27)*PI( )/180)*(B25+B26) Leg rest X-Position B3 Variable Seat down   Positioner pos. in mm B4 13.9−((0.11*B3{circumflex over ( )}2−0.7*B3)/(0.207*B3+1)) Definitions!B3 Constant Seat Structure Geometry Definitions!B4 Constant Seat Structure Geometry Definitions!B13 Constant Seat Structure Geometry B10 Variable Seat up Positioner position (length) B13 (Definitions!B5{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− 2*Definitions!B5*Definitions!B3*COS((B4+Definitions!B13)*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B14 ARCCOS(((B13{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− Definitions IB5{circumflex over ( )})/2/Definitions!B3/B13))*180/P( ) Definitions!F3 Constant Front Leg Geometiy Definitions!F4 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F5 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F12 Constant Front Leg Geometry B15 (B10{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!F3{circumflex over ( )}2− 2*B10*Definitions!F3*COS(ARCCOS((Definitions!F4{circumflex over ( )}2+B10{circumflex over ( )}2Definitions!F5{circumflex over ( )}2)/ 2/Definitions!F4/B10)+Definitions!F12*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B16 Constant Seat angle in upright B17 B4+B14+B15-90 Seat angle B18 B16-B17 Definitions!B3 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B6 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B15 Constant Seat structure geometry B34 (Definitions!B6{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2 2*Definitions!B6*Definitions!B3*COS((B14+B15+Definitions!B16)*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B35 B4-ARCCOS((B34{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− Definitions!B6{circumflex over ( )})/2/Definitions!B3)*180/PI( ) Footrest auxiliary angle B36 SIN(B35*PI( )/180)*B34 Footrest pivot B41 Constant Leg rest basic length B43 Variable Leg rest extension B45 Constant Leg rest stowage angle B46 Constant Leg rest positioner stroke max. Leg rest!K5 (K4−K2)/(K3−K1) Leg rest!K6 +K2−K5*K1 B48 Variable +E_Select*LegrestIK5+Legrest!K6 X-Coordinate Leg rest extension +B36−SIN((B45+B48−B18)*PI( )/180)*(B41+B43) Leg rest Z-Position B3 Variable Seat down   Positioner pos. in mm B4 13.9−((0.11*B3{circumflex over ( )}2−0.7*B3)/(0.207*B3+1)) Definitions!B3 Constant Seat Structure Geometry Definitions!B5 Constant Seat Structure Geometry Definitions!B13 Constant Seat Structure Geometry B10 Variable Seat up Positioner position (length) B13 (DefinitionsB5{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2 2*Definitions!B5*Definitions!B3*COS((B4+Definitions!B13)*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B14 ARCCOS(((B 13{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− Definitions IB5{circumflex over ( )}2/2/Definitions!B3/B13))*180/P( ) Definitions!F3 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F4 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F5 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F12 Constant Front Leg Geometry B15 (B10{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!F3{circumflex over ( )}2− 2*B10*Definitions!F3*COS(ARCCOS((Definitions!F4{circumflex over ( )}2+B 10{circumflex over ( )}2 Definitions!F5{circumflex over ( )}2)/2/Definitions!F4/B10)+Definitions!F12*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B16 Constant Seat angle in upright B17 B4+B14+B15-90 Seat angle B18 B16-B17 Definitions!B3 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B6 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B15 Constant Seat structure geometry B34 (Definitions!B6{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− 2*Definitions!B6*Definitions!B3*COS((B14+B15+Definitions!B15)*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B35 B4-ARCCOS((B34{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2 Definitions!B6{circumflex over ( )}2)/2/B34/Definitions!B3)*180/PI( ) Footrest aux. angle B37 COS(B35*PI( )/180)*B34 Footrest pivot B41 Constant Leg rest basic length B43 Variable Leg rest extension B45 Constant Leg rest stowage angle Leg rest!K5 (K4−K2)/(K3−K1) Leg rest!K6 +K2−K5*K1 B48 Variable +E_Select*LegrestIK5+Leg rest!K6 Z-Coordinate Leg rest extension +B37−COS((B45+B48-B18)*PI( )/180)*(B41+B43) Top of foot X-Position B3 Variable Seat down  Positioner pos. in mm B4 13.9−((0.11*B3{circumflex over ( )}2−0.7*B3)/(0.207*B3+1)) Definitions!B3 Constant Seat Structure Geometry Definitions!B4 Constant Seat Structure Geometry Definitions!B13 Constant Seat Structure Geometry B10 Variable Seat up Positioner position (length) B13 (Definitions!B5{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2 2*Definitions!B5*Definitions!B3*COS((B4+Definitions!B13)*PI( )/180){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B14 ARCCOS(((B13{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− Definitions IB5{circumflex over ( )}2)/2/Definitions!B3/B13))*180/P( ) Definitions!F3 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F4 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F5 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F12 Constant Front Leg Geometry B15 (B10{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!F3{circumflex over ( )}2− 2*B10*Definitions!F3*COS(ARCCOS((Definitions!F4{circumflex over ( )}2+B10{circumflex over ( )}2Definitions!F5{circumflex over ( )}2)/ 2/Definitions!F4/B10)+Definitions!F12*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B16 Constant Seat angle in upright B17 B4+B14+B15-90 Seat angle B18 B16-B17 Definitions!B3 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B6 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B15 Constant Seat structure geometry B34 (Definitions!B6{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2 2*Definitions!B6*Definitions!B3*COS((B14+B15+Definitions!B15)*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B35 B4-ARCCOS((B34{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− Definitions!B6{circumflex over ( )}2)/2/B34/Definitions!B3)*180/PI( ) Footrest auxiliary angle B36 SIN(B35*PI( )/180)*B34 Footrest pivot B46 Constant Leg rest positioner stroke max. Leg rest!K5 (K4−K2)/(K3−K1) Leg rest!K6 +K2−K5*K1 B48 Variable +E_Select*LegrestIK5+Leg rest!K6 B53 Constant Foot angle B54 Constant Distance to pivot X-Coordinate Top of Foot +B36−SIN((B53+B48−B18)*PI( )/180)*B54 Top of foot Z-Position B3 Variable Seat down  Positioner pos. in mm B4 13.9−((0.11*B3{circumflex over ( )}2−0.7*B3)/(0.207*B3+1)) Definitions!B3 Constant Seat Structure Geometry Definitions!B5 Constant Seat Structure Geometry Definitions!B13 Constant Seat Structure Geometry B10 Variable Seat up Positioner position (length) B13 (Definitions!B5{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2 2*Definitions!B5*Definitions!B3*COS((B4+Definitions!B13)*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B14 ARCCOS(((B13{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2 DefinitionsIB5{circumflex over ( )})/2/Definitions!B3/B13))*180/P( ) Definitions!F3 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F4 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F5 Constant Front Leg Geometry Definitions!F12 Constant Front Leg Geometry B15 (B10{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!F3{circumflex over ( )}2− 2*B10*Definitions!F3*COS(ARCCOS((Definitions!F4{circumflex over ( )}2+B10{circumflex over ( )}2Definitions!F6{circumflex over ( )}2)/ 2/Definitions!F4/B10)+Definitions!F12*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B16 Constant Seat angle in upright B17 B4+B14+B15-90 Seat angle B18 B16-B17 Definitions!B3 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B6 Constant Seat structure geometry Definitions!B15 Constant Seat structure geometry B34 (Definitions!B6{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2 2*Definitions!B6*Definitions!B3*COS((B14+B15+Definitions!B15)*PI( )/180)){circumflex over ( )}0.5 B35 B4-ARCCOS((B34{circumflex over ( )}2+Definitions!B3{circumflex over ( )}2− Definitions!B6{circumflex over ( )}2)/2/B34/Definitions!B3)*180/PI( ) Footrest auxiliary angle B37 COS(B35*PI( )/180)*B34 Footrest pivot Leg rest!K5 (K4−K2)/(K3−K1) Leg rest!K6 +K2−K5*K1 B48 Variable +E_Select*Legrests!K5+Legrest!K6 B53 Constant Foot angle B54 Constant Distance to pivot Z-Coordinate Top of Foot +B37−COS((B53+B48−B18)*PI( )/180)*B54

[0027] Reference is made to the following for explanation of the formulas:

[0028] The formula “X coordinate backrest’ designates the geometrical characteristic of the top edge 50 of the line of the backrest 22. The variable quantities named in the outline of formulas generally follow from the positioner position of the actuating means in the form of an actuator, for example for the seat part 20 in the lowered position (cf. FIG. 2). “Front leg geometry” means the extension of the leg rest 24 in length. The “backrest length” constitutes the length of the backrest 22, optionally including the headrest position, if a headrest is used, and with its top edge also determines the vertical position of the top edge 50 of the backrest. A raised circumflex ({circumflex over ( )}) means that the following geometrical value must be indexed. Therefore, for example B3{circumflex over ( )}2 means that the variable B3 which has been determined in each case by way of the positioner position can be taken as a value in the square for use in the other formulas, conversely for example, B3{circumflex over ( )}0.5 means that the square root is to be extracted from the value B3. The angle functions can be recognized directly from the formulas, in the same way as the expressions in parentheses. A raised * has the meaning of a multiplication sign and the expression PI( ) means that according to the Excel programming language it is mathematically π, therefore roughly the constant 3.14. In addition to the X coordinate for the backrest, the Z coordinate for the backrest 22 can also be determined accordingly. Likewise the X and Z coordinate is given below in the formulas for the leg rest extension 48 and the X and Z coordinate of the top of the foot which is designated 9 in FIG. 3 is accordingly also included in the envelope curve consideration.

[0029] If at this point the seat is moved back and forth between its maximum positions as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and is optionally adjusted individually, the monitoring means by way of the aforementioned formulas continuously determines the X and Z coordinates for the backrest 22, the leg rest extension 48 and for the top of the foot 9 of an imaginary seat occupant. It goes without saying that other, possibly collision-establishing edge geometries can be added to the illustrated mathematical base structure in order to determine as accurately as possible the envelope curve within which the seat stops in each possible adjustment position. By stipulating the corresponding boundary surfaces 56 with incorporation of the cabin floor 36, the envelope curve is then limited in its geometrical dimensions and the monitoring means which stores the pertinent boundary spaces or lines acts on the respective servo drive or the entirety of all servo drives such that collisions are prevented with certainty. If therefore the leg rest 24 is swivelled for example, in an obvious manner the backrest 22 can track the movement in order for example to assume the resting or fully reclined position desired by the seat occupant (FIG. 2), then the motion of the indicated seat components 20, 22, 24, 48 taking place synchronously within the envelope curve and at no time a collision as a result of this joint triggering being possible. 

1. Seat, especially a vehicle seat, preferably an aircraft passenger seat, with seating components, like a seat part (20), a backrest (22) and a leg rest (24) which can be adjusted by way of at least one actuating means (26, 44, 46) in their position, especially in their tilt to one another, and with a monitoring means for monitoring at least one collision-establishing edge geometry (52) of a movable seat component (24) with an assigned three-dimensional boundary (36), the monitoring means at any instant ensuring collision-free motion of this seat component (24) within this three-dimensional boundary (36), the three-dimensional boundaries being described at least partially by boundary curves (54, 58) which divide from one another the spaces (56) in which one seat respectively is independently located, characterized in that the monitoring means is used for monitoring at least one collision-establishing edge geometry (50) of at least one other seat component (22) with at least one other assigned three-dimensional boundary (54, 58), and that the motions of the indicated seat components (20, 22, 24) take place by way of the coupling of the motion of at least two seat components by the actuating means (26, 44, 46) triggered jointly at the same time.
 2. The seat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring means combines all intended motions of the collision-establishing edge geometries (50, 52) of at least two seat components (20, 22, 24) by means of a mathematical algorithm in a common imaginary envelope curve or of parts thereof, with edges to prevent collisions which are at least partially defined by the boundary curves (54, 58) of the three-dimensional boundary.
 3. The seat as claimed in claim 2, wherein the boundary curves (54, 58) underlying the mathematical algorithm can be formed from equations of straight lines and wherein when the number of pertinent equations of straight lines is increased a closed three-dimensional envelope curve is formed with the encompassed space being available as the envelope space for the collision-free motion of all seat components (20, 22, 24).
 4. The seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the monitoring means carries out all intended motions of the seat components (20, 22, 24) with their collision-establishing edge geometries (50, 52) according to a sequence which is formed with regard to ergonomic aspects.
 5. Vehicle seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each seat component (20, 22, 24) has an independent actuating means (26, 44, 46) and wherein the monitoring means detects the positions of each individual actuating means (26, 44, 46).
 6. The vehicle seat as claimed in claim 5, wherein by way of the setting paths of the respective actuating means (26, 44, 46) preferably in the form of an actuator the tilt adjustment angles relative to a reference plane are also detected.
 7. The vehicle seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the backrest (22) is provided with a telescoping headrest and the leg rest (24) is provided with a telescoping extension (48).
 8. The vehicle seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the collision-establishing edge geometries of the seat components are the top edge (50) of the backrest and the bottom edge (52) of the leg rest and/or wherein the body contours (9) of the seat occupant are also included at least partially in the establishment of the edge geometries.
 9. The vehicle seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the monitoring means undertakes a plausibility check of the possible positions of the seat components and in this way precludes misoperation and incorrect positions.
 10. The vehicle seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the seat can be moved from a fully upright seat position into the fully reclined position in which all seat components (20, 22, 24, 48) form a common, fully reclined position which runs flat. 